UN Warns of Civilian Risk, Possible War Crimes as Thai–Cambodia Fighting Escalates

GENEVA/PHNOM PENH (Dec. 19, 2025) — The United Nations warned Thursday of possible violations of international humanitarian law as air strikes and heavy weaponry hit populated areas in the intensifying conflict between Thailand and Cambodia.

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk said he was alarmed by reports of fighter jets, drones and artillery used near villages and cultural sites, stressing that civilian protection is paramount under international law. “Any credible allegations of unlawful attacks must be promptly, thoroughly and independently investigated,” he said.

The UN Human Rights Office reported strikes extending beyond border zones into deeper territory since hostilities reignited Dec. 7. Cambodia has confirmed 18 civilian deaths, while Thailand has reported one fatality. The UN estimates up to 750,000 people have fled their homes, with Cambodian authorities citing nearly 500,000 displaced, including 260,000 women and 160,000 children.

Türk also raised concern over strikes on casino compounds linked to scam centers, warning trafficked workers of multiple nationalities face heightened danger.

Cambodia accuses Thai forces of indiscriminate shelling and air strikes on villages, schools and urban areas — allegations Thailand rejects. Türk urged both sides to honor ceasefire commitments and return to dialogue, calling the civilian toll “grave and unacceptable.”